健脾温肾软坚解毒方、康艾注射液联合低剂量化疗治疗老年脾肾两虚型晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的观察健脾温肾软坚解毒方、康艾注射液联合低剂量化疗对老年脾肾两虚型晚期非小细胞肺癌患者瘤灶、免疫功能及无进展生存期的影响。方法将80例老年脾肾两虚型晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例。对照组予常规剂量化疗,治疗组予健脾温肾软坚解毒方、康艾注射液联合低剂量化疗。化疗2个周期后,观察两组患者瘤灶、免疫功能的变化情况,随访患者的无进展生存期。结果①试验期间,对照组脱落2例,试验组无脱落,最终完成试验者78例,其中治疗组40例,对照组38例。②两组实体瘤疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。③化疗1个周期与化疗前组内比较,两组血清NK、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);化疗2个周期与化疗前组内比较,治疗组血清CD8~+水平升高(P0.05),对照组血清NK、CD3~+、CD4~+水平降低(P0.05)。化疗1个周期后组间比较,治疗组血清CD3~+、CD4~+水平高于对照组(P0.05);化疗2个周期后组间比较,治疗组血清NK、CD3~+、CD4~+水平高于对照组(P0.05)。④两组患者中位无进展生存时间均为4.5个月,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论健脾温肾软坚解毒方、康艾注射液联合低剂量化疗能有效控制老年肺肾两虚型晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的瘤灶变化,并有利于稳定血清NK、CD3~+和CD4~+水平,保护患者的免疫功能。     

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated neuroprotective effects on the degenerative retina: the therapeutic potential of erythropoietin

Retinal degeneration (RD) results in photoreceptor loss and irreversible visual impairments. This study sought to alleviate the photoreceptor degeneration via the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated erythropoietin (EPO) therapy. AAV-2/2-mCMV-EPO vectors were constructed and delivered into the subretinal space of a RD model. The retinal morphology, optokinetic behaviour and electrophysiological function of the treated animals were analysed. The subretinal delivery of AAV-2/2 vectors induced robust EPO gene expressions in the retinas. AAV2/2-mediated EPO therapy ameliorated the photoreceptor degeneration and visual impairments of the RD animal model. Furthermore, the multi-electrodes array (MEA) was used to detect the firing activities of retinal ganglion cells. MEA recording showed that the EPO therapy could restrain the spontaneous firing response, enhance the light-induced firing response and preserve the basic configurations of visual signal pathway in RD model. Our MEA assay provided an example to evaluate the potency of pharmacological compounds on retinal plasticity. In conclusion, AAV2/2-mediated EPO therapy can ameliorate the photoreceptor degeneration and rectify the abnormities in visual signal transmission. These beneficial results suggest the AAV vector is a viable therapeutic option for retinopathies with rapidly degenerating kinetics and lay the groundwork for future development of EPO gene therapy.     

心血管疾病患者健康相关生命质量及其影响因素的多水平模型分析

目的 探讨心血管疾病患者的健康相关生命质量及其影响因素,为改善患者生命质量提供参考。 方法 选取2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)中符合要求的心血管疾病患者1 201例,收集患者及地区信息,基于欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D-3L)测量健康效用值反映其健康相关生命质量。采用K-W检验对患者和地区因素进行单因素分析。以患者水平为水平1,地区水平为水平2,建立两水平回归模型,分析患者和地区因素对心血管疾病患者健康相关生命质量的影响。 结果 健康效用值平均值为0.749±0.166。单因素分析结果显示,心血管疾病患者健康相关生命质量的影响因素包括性别、受教育水平、婚姻状况、是否患有高血压、是否患有心脏病、是否患有中风、睡眠时长、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、每周中等强度体力活动时间、社交活动频率、体质量指数(BMI)、所在地区(P<0.05)。多水平模型结果显示,对心血管疾病患者健康相关生命质量有显著影响的因素有性别、受教育水平、婚姻状况、是否患有高血压病、是否患有血脂异常、是否患有心脏病、是否患有中风、吸烟状况、每周中等强度体力活动时间、社交活动频率、BMI以及地区水平的地区因素(P<0.05)。 结论 提高心血管疾病患者的健康相关生命质量既要考虑受教育水平、吸烟状况、BMI等个体因素,还应考虑不同地区患者的异质性,从而制定不同地区的针对性策略。     

寿胎丸合四君子汤加减联合地屈孕酮片治疗高龄先兆流产的临床观察

目的:观察寿胎丸合四君子汤加减联合地屈孕酮片对高龄早期先兆流产患者的免疫因子、凝血及疗效观察,以探讨其作用机制。方法:将90例中医辨证为肾虚血瘀型的高龄先兆流产患者,以随机数字表法分为对照组、观察组,每组45例。两组均口服地屈孕酮片以黄体支持,对照组给予维生素E软胶囊(天然型)口服,观察组给予寿胎丸合四君子汤加减口服,两组疗程均为10 d。对比两组患者治疗前后中医证候评分、免疫因子、凝血因子变化及临床疗效。结果:治疗前两组的中医证候评分、免疫因子、凝血因子比较差异无统计学意义;与本组治疗前比较,两组患者中医证候评分均降低(P0.05),观察组辅助性T淋巴细胞(helper T lymphocyte,Th)比例,Th/Ts,D-二聚体(D-dimer,D-D),纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)水平降低(P0.05),观察组凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT),抑制性T淋巴细胞(suppressor T lymphocyte,Ts)比例增高(P0.05);治疗后与对照组比较,观察组Th比例,Th/Ts,D-D,FIB水平降低,PT,Ts比例增高(P0.05);两组自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NK)比例治疗前后及组间比较差异无统计学意义。观察组总有效率为84.4%(38/45),对照组总有效率为64.4%(29/45)(χ2=4.398,P0.05)。两组患者在治疗期间未见明显不良反应。结论:寿胎丸合四君子汤加减联合地屈孕酮片可调节高龄先兆流产患者的免疫平衡及凝血功能,改善症状以及提高保胎疗效。     

Decoding attention control and selection in visual spatial attention

Event‐related potentials (ERPs) are used extensively to investigate the neural mechanisms of attention control and selection. The univariate ERP approach, however, has left important questions inadequately answered. We addressed two questions by applying multivariate pattern classification to multichannel ERPs in two cued visual spatial attention experiments (N = 56): (a) impact of cueing strategies (instructional vs. probabilistic) on attention control and selection and (b) neural and behavioral effects of individual differences. Following cue onset, the decoding accuracy (cue left vs. cue right) began to rise above chance level earlier and remained higher in instructional cueing (~80 ms) than in probabilistic cueing (~160 ms), suggesting that unilateral attention focus leads to earlier and more distinct formation of the attention control set. A similar temporal sequence was also found for target‐related processing (cued target vs. uncued target), suggesting earlier and stronger attention selection under instructional cueing. Across the two experiments: (a) individuals with higher cue‐related decoding accuracy showed higher magnitude of attentional modulation of target‐evoked N1 amplitude, suggesting that better formation of anticipatory attentional state leads to stronger modulation of target processing, and (b) individuals with higher target‐related decoding accuracy showed faster reaction times (or larger cueing effects), suggesting that stronger selection of task‐relevant information leads to better behavioral performance. Taken together, multichannel ERPs combined with machine learning decoding yields new insights into attention control and selection that complement the univariate ERP approach, and along with the univariate ERP approach, provides a more comprehensive methodology to the study of visual spatial attention.     

Family nurture intervention alters relationships between preterm infant EEG delta brush characteristics and term age EEG power

ObjectiveFamily Nurture Intervention (FNI) facilitates mother/infant emotional connection, improves neurodevelopmental outcomes and increases electroencephalogram (EEG) power at term age. Here we explored whether delta brushes (DB), early EEG bursts that shape brain development, are altered by FNI and mediate later effects of FNI on EEG.MethodsWe assessed DB characteristics in EEG data from a randomized controlled trial comparing infants with standard care (SC, n = 31) versus SC + FNI (n = 33) at ~35 and ~40 weeks GA.ResultsCompared to SC infants, FNI infant DB amplitude increased more from ~35 to ~40 weeks, and FNI infants had longer duration DBs. DB parameters (rate, amplitude, brush frequency) at ~35 weeks were correlated with power at ~40 weeks, but only in SC infants. FNI effects on DB parameters do not mediate FNI effects on EEG power or coherence at term.ConclusionsDBs are related to subsequent brain activity and FNI alters DB parameters. However, FNI’s effects on electrocortical activity at term age are not dependent on its earlier effects on DBs.SignificanceWhile early DBs can have important effects on later brain activity in preterm infants, facilitating emotional connection with FNI may allow brain maturation to be less dependent on early bursts.     

正常儿童青少年黄斑厚度的分布及相关影响因素

目的：探讨正常儿童青少年黄斑厚度的分布情况及其相关影响因素。方法：描述性研究。选取2014年7月至2016年8月就诊于昆明市儿童医院眼科的正常儿童青少年284例（568眼），年龄4～17 （10.1±2.8）岁，屈光度为-8.00～+6.00 D。利用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）对其黄斑部直径6 mm范 围内9个区域（A1-A9）的视网膜进行扫描并测量厚度。根据性别、眼别、年龄（≤10岁组、>10岁组） 及等效球镜度（SE）（近视：SE≤-0.50 D；正视：-0.50 D相似文献   

Mock jurors’ awareness of age-related changes in memory and cognitive capacity

While age-related changes in memory have been well documented, findings about jurors’ perceptions of older witnesses are conflicting. We investigated the effect of victim age (25 vs. 75?years old) and crime severity (victim injured vs. not injured) on mock jurors’ decisions in a robbery trial. Jury-eligible participants (120 women; 84 men) read a mock trial summary and delivered their verdicts online. Mock jurors believed the young victim more than the older victim when the crime was severe, while no age differences emerged for the less severe crime. Whereas previous research demonstrated that juror characteristics were generally associated with culpability, we demonstrated that with case-specific information, these general views became less important. In all, mock jurors were aware of age-related decline in memory provided by eyewitnesses only to a limited extent. Accordingly, in trials involving older witnesses, jurors will benefit from educative information about age-related memory changes.     

芪玉三龙汤调节Beclin1,Atg5,LC3B表达以抑制肺癌肿瘤生长机制

目的:研究芪玉三龙汤对肺癌小鼠皮下移植瘤生长及对自噬关键分子酵母Atg6同系物(Beclin1),自噬相关基因5(autophagy related genes,Atg5)及微管相关蛋白1轻链3(microtubule-associated protein1light chain3,LC3B)表达的影响。方法:采用Lewis肺癌细胞(lewis lung cancer cell,LLC)构建肺癌移植瘤小鼠模型,造模成功后随机分为模型组、芪玉三龙汤组、顺铂组及联合组,每组18只移植瘤小鼠。模型组每日按照生理盐水20 mL·kg~(-1)灌胃;芪玉三龙汤组每日按照80. 48 g·kg~(-1)灌胃;顺铂组在第1,3,5天腹腔注射顺铂溶液(DDP)0. 4 mL;联合组每日按80. 48 g·kg~(-1)灌胃给药,并分别在第1,3,5天腹腔注射顺铂溶液0. 4 mL;连续治疗21 d剥离瘤组织,称取瘤重,计算抑瘤率。苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肿瘤组织形态学改变。免疫组化检测肿瘤组织中Beclin1,LC3B蛋白表达和定位。蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)测定Beclin1,Atg5,微管相关蛋白1轻链3-I(LC3B-Ⅰ)及微管相关蛋白1轻链3-Ⅱ(LC3B-Ⅱ)蛋白表达,并计算LC3B-Ⅱ/LC3B-Ⅰ。实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测肿瘤组织Beclin1,Atg5 mRNA转录水平。结果:芪玉三龙汤具有温和的移植瘤抑制作用,抑瘤率为31. 2%;镜下观察芪玉三龙汤组肿瘤组织可见片状坏死的肿瘤细胞;免疫组化及Western blot实验表明,与模型组比较,芪玉三龙汤能够上调Beclin1,Atg5,LC3B蛋白的表达(P 0. 01),并且能促进LC3B-Ⅰ转化为LC3B-Ⅱ;Real-time PCR结果表明,与模型组比较,芪玉三龙汤能够促进Beclin1,Atg5 mRNA的转录(P 0. 01)。结论:芪玉三龙汤对肺肿瘤生长具有温和地抑制作用,其作用机制可能与上调自噬关键分子Beclin1,Atg5,LC3B表达,促进LC3B-Ⅰ向LC3B-Ⅱ转化有关。     

依达拉奉辅助亚低温对重型颅脑创伤的血清细胞因子及凝血功能的影响

目的探讨依达拉奉辅助亚低温治疗对重型颅脑创伤（TBI）患者的凝血功能及神经生长因子（NGF）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）的影响。 方法选取沧州市中心医院神经外三科自2018年8月至2019年8月收治的62例重型TBI患者，按随机数字表法分为观察组（31例）和对照组（31例）。对照组患者给予亚低温治疗，观察组患者在亚低温治疗基础上给予依达拉奉辅助治疗14 d。比较2组患者的神经功能缺损评分和疗效，观察治疗前后患者的脑内凝血功能以及血清内NGF、CGRP含量的变化。 结果观察组患者的临床治疗有效率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组患者采用依达拉奉辅助亚低温治疗后颅内水肿面积显著降低，大脑中动脉平均血流速度明显升高，美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分水平显著下降，巴塞尔指数评定量表评分和GCS评分显著增高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者采用依达拉奉辅助亚低温治疗后NGF、CGRP水平明显升高，血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间、凝血酶原时间国际标准比值、活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间显著下降，抗凝血酶显著上升，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论依达拉奉辅助亚低温治疗重型TBI的临床治疗效果较好，安全性较高，可有效恢复患者的凝血功能，促进NGF、CGRP表达。